Helpful hints and measures

Dry Measures:
Dash= less than 1/8 teaspoon
3 teaspoons= 1 Tablespoon
4 Tablespoons= 1/4 cup
5 Tablespoons + 1 teaspoon= 1/3 cup
8 Tablespoons= 1/2 cup
10 Tablespoons + 2 teaspoons= 2/3 cup
12 Tablespoons= 3/4 cup
16 Tablespoons= 1 cup

Liquid Measures:
2 Tablespoons (liquid)= 1 fluid ounce
8oz (liquid)= 1 cup
2 cups= 1 pint
2 pints= 1 quart
4 cups= 1 quart
4 quarts= 1 gallon
4oz (weight)= 1/4 lb
8oz (weight)= 1/2 lb
12oz (weight)= 3/4 lb
16oz (weight)= 1lb

Liquid Substitutes:
1 cup milk= 1/2 cup water + 1/2 cup evaporated milk
1 cup buttermilk= 1 Tablespoon vinegar (or lemon juice) + 1 cup milk
1 cup mayonnaise= 1 cup sour cream or yogurt
1 egg= 2 egg whites or 2 egg yolks or 1/4 cup frozen egg product
15oz tomato sauce= 6oz tomato paste + 1 cup water
Wine, white or Red= Apple, Grape or Cranberry juice

Dry Substitutes:
1 Tablespoon cornstarch= 2 Tablespoons flour (note that flour will yield a flour taste until cooked for at least 30 minutes)
1oz unsweetened chocolate= 3 Tablespoons cocoa + 1 Tablespoon butter or vegetable oil
1 teaspoon baking powder= 1/2 teaspoon cream of tarter + 1/4 teaspoon baking soda
1 clove garlic= 1/8 teaspoon garlic powder
1 Tablespoon fresh herbs= 1 teaspoon dry herbs
1 teaspoon dry mustard= 1 Tablespoon perpared mustard